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Is Burping a Sign of Cancer?

Is Burping A Sign Of Cancer

Burping and cancer

Burping more frequently may indicate the presence of a few gastric conditions like pancreatic or stomach cancers. However, burping excessively alone cannot be taken as a symptom of stomach, esophageal, or pancreatic cancer. Cancer burping sign is also termed “belching. It is your system’s way to discharge extra air in the upper gastric tract. Medical research done on this topic suggests that a healthy individual (adult) belches about 25–28 times per day. But there are other causes why you may burp more frequently. 
 
More frequent burping can occur when your are drinking or eating very fast. People who talk a lot while they eat, intake of carbonated fluids like sodas, use of chewing gum, as well as smoking may all cause excessive burping. In some people, living in stressful conditions or being in an anxious state of mind may also cause increased belching. 
 
Apart from the above, causes for excessive burping include conditions like gastritis, heartburn, or gastroesophageal reflux disease – in short, GERD, onset of peptic ulcers, infections caused by Helicobacter pylori as well as having intolerance to lactose.

Can burping cause cancer 

A few types of cancers may block your gastric tract. Due to this, you are likely to see a build-up of gas. This is one of the main reasons for burping too much when you have stomach or gastric cancer . But burping is not considered as an early sign of cancer. It is quite likely that people living with cancers may experience excessive belching only at the final stages of the autoimmune condition. 
 
When burping is accompanied by tiredness and fatigue, it can be linked to the possible onset of cancers. Apart from burping, frequent spells of indigestion or dyspepsia are another indicator of cancer incidence. 
 
If burping does not get better for a few weeks – despite taking meds – you are advised to see a certified caregiver. A qualified physician can assess the signs, provide a diagnosis and also issue an apt treatment plan. You are advised to stay wary of bleeding, migraines, blurring of eyesight, formation of lumps in any part of your body, bowel conditions like constipation or diarrhea. 
 
Caveat: if one or more of the above signs shows up with belching, it may not necessarily indicate the onset of stomach or pancreatic cancer.

Can excessive burping cause cancer

If you are burping excessively, and are suspecting possible incidence of cancers, it definitely indicates an abnormality within your system. But, can excessive burping cause cancer be a tricky thing to answer. In this regard. it is a wise thing to consult with a physician. Your doctor will order a thorough physical examination, a battery of tests done on blood, tissue or urine samples. It is also likely that your doctor may order a scan – it may be an MRI, CT scan or an ultrasound scan. 
 
In most cases, your physician will conduct a biopsy on a living tissue. This is done through removal of a small portion of any tissue off your body. The tissue sample is then assessed by a qualified and trained pathologist. A biopsy is often considered as a test to confirm the presence of cancerous cells.

will burping a lot cause cancer

In most instances, burping a lot does not cause cancers. But, burping too much can be a sign of cancer. But, merely excessive burping alone may not qualify as a sign. You may need to look out for other indicators like feeling sated way too soon, onset of heartburn or acid reflux, a marked drop in appetite level, inexplicable loss of body weight, being tired and fatigued too often. 
 
Any of these signs – coupled with burping a lot – may be due to presence of cancerous cells. People who report these signs can have pancreatic cancer, esophageal or stomach cancer

is burping a sign of colon cancer

Foremost of all, cancer in your colon does not show up through any signs at an earlier stage. It is only when the autoimmune condition advances or worsens, you are likely to witness some discomforts. A few of the distinctive signs of colon cancer are pain in the lower part of your abdomen, bleeding from your rectum, altered shape and size of stool, etc. It is also possible to likely conditions like jaundice – marked by yellowing of skin and / or eyes, drop in red blood cells or turning anemic, loss of body weight, etc. 
 
At the initial stages of colon cancer, there are no symptoms, let alone burping or belching. In general – as the disease spreads to its next stage(s) – you are likely to witness either localised signs or systemic signs. Local signs occur at the site where the cancer has occurred. On the other hand, systemic signs can affect your whole system. 
 
A key signs to look out for is changes in bowel movements. Of course, there is nothing called a normal way of bowel movements. So, if you had been experiencing bowel movements twice each day, and now you witness it only once per day, it is a cause of concern. 
 
Also, discharge of red-colored stools is another key sign of trouble inside your colon. This discoloration occurs due to internal bleeding. At an advanced stage, you tend to see traces of blood in your stools. So, upon spotting blood in your toilet, rush to your doctor without much delay. 
 
In sum, burping does not feature as one of the signs of colon cancer. But, if you are burping a lot accompanied by discoloration of stools, altered bowel movements, and also altered shapes / sizes of stools, you may need to opt for screening for colon cancer

is burping a sign of esophageal cancer

The most common signs of esophageal cancer include a marked loss of weight, difficulties to swallow food you eat, pain in your chest region, hoarseness of voice, coughing spells – often chronic episodes of coughs, urges to vomit often, bleeding inside your food pipe, etc. In some cases, people living with esophageal cancers may experience pain in their bones; this occurs when cancers have spread into your bones. 
 
So, burping does not feature as a sign of esophageal cancer. But, if you are burping a lot coupled with any of the aforesaid symptoms, it is an essential thing to meet a qualified caregiver. Also, occurrence of one or more of these signs does not mean that you have esophageal cancer. These serve as caution to opt for a health check-up of your gastric system especially food pipe. Those who have a case history of gastric problems or a family track record of cancers in the food pipe must go for periodic check-ups to detect possible risks at an earlier stage

is burping a lot a sign of pancreatic cancer

Cancers in your pancreas are often painless while they grow and are silent or without signs. Symptoms are likely to show up when the tumor has grown to a sizable level or when cancerous cells have spread outside your pancreas. 
 
Burping however does not fare among the top signs of pancreatic cancer. The salient signs of this type of cancer are onset of jaundice, acute pain in your abdomen, a severe back ache, flatulence or bloating, a few other abdominal conditions like vomiting along with nausea. 
 
The above qualify as localised signs of pancreatic cancers. On the systemic side i.e., whole body, signs include decrease in appetite level, loss of weight, a persistent feeling of malady, spike in levels of sugars in your blood stream, etc.  
 
In case of tumor of islet cells, you may notice sweating profusely, passing out due to lower level of sugars in blood, etc. People living with excessive levels of gastrin may witness discomforts like acid reflux or heartburn, formation of peptic ulcers, sharp pains inside your abdomen, etc.  
 
On the other hand, those with excessive glucagon may experience urges to pee often, dyspepsia coupled with discharge of loose stools and inexplicable loss of weight. Above all, if you are belching or burping a lot along with any of these aforesaid signs, it is necessary to consult with a qualified medical practitioner on an emergency basis. 
 
In sum, if you are belching or burping a lot and if you are getting any better in spite of using drugs, see a doctor as quickly as possible. At the same time, look out for symptoms like change in the color of your stools, changes in frequencies of bowel movement, lumps showing up at a body part or conditions like difficulties to pass stools.  
 
Last but not least, if excessive burping is showing up with one ore more of these signs, it is likely to be a medical condition. So, in order to confirm if it is indeed cancer in your stomach or pancreatic cancer or esophageal cancer, take an appointment with a qualified caregiver. Your caregiving team will conduct a battery of tests and also order for a biopsy – i.e., an examination of a living tissue sample sampled from your body, to confirm the underlying clinical condition. 

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How Bad Is Lymphoma Cancer?

How Bad Is Lymphoma Cancer?

Introduction

Cancer that afflicts the lymphatic system carries with it the risk of spreading throughout the lymph nodes, the spleen, tonsils, and bone marrow. Lymph nodes are present in the abdomen, the groin, the pelvis, neck, chest and underarms. This gives rise to the question – how bad is Lymphoma cancer? Following sections offer a detailed look at the condition for an understanding of the extent of risk and treatment options.

What Is Lymphoma Cancer?

Let us take a quick look at the Lymphona cancer before we look at answers to the question – how bad is Lymphoma cancer? This refers to a type of cancer that is known to start in the lymphatic system. This symptom, is a part of the immune system, assisting the body in warding off infections. This system comprises the lymph nodes, that are small glands in the shape of beans. There are present in the spleen, the thymus, and bone marrow.

Lymphoma occurs when a type of white blood cells (known as Lymphocytes), begin to increase abnormally and uncontrollably. These are cancerous cells that have the ability to form tumors and spread throughout the lymphatic system. This will, over time affect other parts of the body.

Lymphoma is divided into two types:

  • Hodgkin Lymphoma – When a specific type of abnormal cell is present. This condition is known to be relatively rare and is known to have a high success rate with treatment.
  • Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma – Is more common and has many subtypes varying in severity and the approach to treatment. This condition affects different types of lymphocytes and the growth can be either slow or rapid. 

Symptoms of lymphoma include the following:

  • Swollen lymph nodes – belly, neck, armpits or groin.
  • Abnormal and unexplained pain in chest, abdomen or bones of the body.
  • Fever.
  • Breaking out into night sweats.
  • Sudden and unexplained weight loss.
  • Overall tiredness.
  • Itching sensation.

What Is Hodgkin Lymphoma?

It is now time to learn more about this type of lymphoma, as part of looking for answers to how bad is Lymphoma Cancer? As outlined above, this refers to a type of cancer that affects the lymphatic system ad begins when healthy cells in the lymphatic system change and grow uncontrollably. While the lymph nodes are present throughout the body, most lymph nodes are present in the abdomen, groin, pelvis, chest, underarms and neck. Hodgkin lymphoma is known to affect all these areas, apart from and other organs in the body.

There are significant advances in diagnosis and treatment of Hodgkin lymphoma, and this has helped ensure that patients have the chance to achieve a full recovery. The five year survival rate for the condition in India is above 83%. Stem cell transplants are also part of the treatment when the condition has relapsed or when the first line of treatment does not work.

  • Symptoms of Hodgkin lymphoma – This will vary and depends on the stage and location of the cancer. Common indications of the condition include the following:
  • Swollen Lymph nodes – Painless swelling is one of the most common symptoms, and could occur in the lymph nodes, typically in the neck, armpits, or groin.
  • Fever – Could be either persistent or intermittent, and is not attributed to an infection.
  • Night sweats – Sweating in the nights in a manner that is heavy and drenching sweats is another common symptom.
  • Sudden loss of weight – This could be 10% or more of body weight, without any reason or effort.
  • Overall tiredness – That does not seem to resolve with rest is another symptom. 
  • Itching – This could be persistent in nature and would be experienced without any visible rash. 
  • Poor appetite – May be experienced suddenly, without any other condition, and this aggravates weight loss.
  • Pain after consumption of alcohol – Pain may be experienced in the lymph nodes after consuming alcohol.
  • Difficulty breathing – When lymph nodes press either on the chest or lungs, this causes respiratory issues such as difficulty breathing or coughing.

What Is Non Hodgkin Lymphoma?

It is now time to look at the other category of the condition as part of answering the question – how bad is Lymphoma cancer? Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma begins in the lymphatic system, and the lymphocytes, the white blood cells begin to grow abnormally. This causes formation of tumors throughout the body.

This category of lymphoma is regarded as a general category with multiple subtypes. The most common sub-types are diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and follicular lymphoma. As a result of advances in diagnosis and treatment the outcomes have increased in this disease.

The typical symptoms of this condition vary, and depend on the area where the condition begins, and the growth.

  1. Swelling int e lymph nodes without any pain. This is in the neck, armpits, or groin.
  2. Recurring fever unrelated to any infections.
  3. Heavy sweat in the nights.
  4. Sudden loss of weight – More than 10% of body weight over a short period, regardless of diet or exercise.
  5. Overall tiredness.
  6. Sudden loss of appetite. 
  7. Pain in the abdomen, discomfort, bloating, or a full feeling.
  8. Pain in the chest or cough.
  9. Infections – Due to weakened immune system, frequent infections.
  10. Outbreak of rashes on the skin or itching.

Which Is The Best Lymphoma Treatment?

Here is a look at the various treatment options to conclude the answers to the question – how bad is Lymphoma Cancer? Treatment depends on the type, subtype, stage of the disease, and the patient. For instance, the age, overall health and existing conditions. Treatment includes one or more of the following approaches:

  • Chemotherapy.
  • Radiation therapy.
  • Immunotherapy.
  • Targeted therapy.
  • Stem cell transplant, also known as bone marrow transplant.
  • Surgery.
  • Monitoring for slow-growing non-Hodgkin lymphomas.

The right way to choose the best treatment is determined by the oncologist. This may typically involve a combination of chemotherapy with radiation therapy, as this is known to be highly effective, with possible cure in early stages. For non-Hodgkin lymphoma, the treatment is based on the subtype and the speed of growth. Options include chemotherapy and targeted therapies, while complex cases are handled with CAR T-cell therapy and stem cell transplants.

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Radiation Therapy Side Effects

Radiation Therapy Side Effects

Introduction

Radiation therapy is administered to the treatment of cancerous conditions; here, highly intensive rays are passed into affected tissues / sites. These focused rays shrink afflicted cells; in the process these rays decimate harmful cells which are rapidly growing / spreading.  

Once the cell structures are damaged – with the aid of radiations – such cancers may never relapse. The rapid growth also stops all of a sudden. As there is no further growth, the cells which are killed are eventually discharged from your body. This discharge process may take some time; but this activity proceeds ahead, till all dead-cells are successfully eliminated. 

Side Effects Of Radiation Therapy

Your system is likely to witness some adverse outcomes; these primarily are due to the exposure to powerful rays. Usage of these focused rays onto your head – in order to treat cancers in your brain, you may experience hair loss from your scalp. This is also likely to trigger acute episodes of headache, blurred sense of vision, difficulties to stay focused, etc.  
 
On the other hand, radiations focused onto your breasts can cause acute spells of inflammation; also, you tend to fatigued all through the day. Moreover, it is possible to detect altered skin tone coupled with muscles going limp. 
 
Pelvic tumors – i.e., cancers forming above and below your abdominal region – may lead to a few sexual problems. Such problems may show up as erectile problems / ED among men. Males may also see a sizable drop in their libido level. In case of females, radiations directed towards their pelvic parts can trigger fertility-centered problems. In short, such women may find it hard to get pregnant.  
 
Rays focused onto your tummy can trigger spells of vomiting along with episodes of nausea. These rays can also make your hair to fall off and can also tire you out. In the rectum also, powerful rays – used as part of radiation therapy – can make women infertile. Patients report of urinary complaints including pains while they pee, constipation, etc. 
 
Every radiation therapy sitting requires more than 45 minutes’ time. It is a practice among caregivers to schedule only one sitting within 24 hours. Most of the sitting time is spent towards aligning the site to be treated with scans done for high level of precision. You may spend more time when the radiation sessions start; especially, the first session of therapy takes a whole lot of time.  
 
The other sittings for radiations therapy consume less than 20 – 25 minutes’ time. You also need to know that the actual duration of radiation – offered through a machine known as the linear accelerator (in short, linac) – is in the range of 4 to 8 minutes’ time.  
 
The side effects radiotherapy causes are chiefly a factor of what stage your cancer is in, your age and if you have had prior forms of autoimmune disorders – such as cancers in other sites. The timeline needed for radiations depend upon the extent to which cancers have spread, need for powerful dosage of rays and the site where you have developed a cancerous growth. 

How To Reduce Side Effects Of Radiation Therapy?

Foremost of all, you are advised to take proper care of skin – chiefly, at the site wherein rays are focused on. It is recommended to safeguard the skin from a direct exposure to sun’s rays. It can be harmful to wear tighter garments that cling to body. Those who need to wear such clothes must ensure the skin on the site undergoing radiation treatment is not under stress. 
 
It is a safe thing to take a lot of rest; in this light, ensure to sleep for at least 8 hours during each night. On the diet front, care to take foods that can amplify your system of immunity. It is a good practice to opt for lab tests to check the efficiency of your body to fight infections and other such external risks. 

In This Milieu, What Is Chemotherapy For Cancer?

In this mode of treatment, drugs are used to treat cancers. Medications chemotherapy uses cannot identify the causes behind cancerous conditions. In sum, the drugs administered work both on healthy cells as well as affected cells alike. This is one of the limitations of chemo drugs i.e., damaging normal tissues and cells. 
 
Your treating doctors target how to reduce injuries inflicted upon healthier tissues and cells. Your caregivers may also work to enhance the damages inflicted onto rapidly growing / cancer-causing cells. However, there is no need to get anxious over injuries or damages caused to your normal cells i.e., non-cancerous ones. The good news here is – normal cells even upon getting affected by drugs of chemotherapy – bounce back to normalcy. Though this relapse may take some time, these cells are sure to get back to their earlier state.  
 
Chemotherapy remains one of the proven approaches to treat cancerous conditions. This drug-driven approach uses highly powerful doses of cancer-fighting meds. Scores of medications – nearly 110 meds or more in number – possess the nod of federal med authorising body in the US – called the Food & Drug Administration (in short, the FDA). 

1st Chemo Treatment Side Effects

At its very first stage, chemo drugs are administered to treat cancerous growth. The 1st stage chemo treatment is often pursued as an after-surgery treatment plan. However, at advanced stages of cancers – say, 2 or 3 stages – chemotherapy is administered before or after a surgical intervention. In several cases, chemotherapy is extended along with fellow-therapies like a surgery and / or radiation sittings.  
 
Most common 1st chemo treatment side effects are dizziness, drowsiness, inability to maintain bodily balance, flushes, swelling, internal bleeding, bruises, etc. It is a safe thing to have a person (like a pal or a family member) to take needful support the caregiving team; this added hand is helpful when these 1st chemo treatment side effects show up – especially, all of a sudden. 

Chemo Side Effects

It is highly recommended to drink added amount of water during chemo sittings. This is mainly because infusion of drugs makes your dehydrated. It is also helpful to take juices or other such fluids – but, ensure not to take caffeinated drinks or those having alcohol in them.  
 
In most cases, chemo side effects include parching of skin or drying of lips. Other potential side effects of chemo drugs are frequent spells of migraines, being tired, turning dizzy, etc. Your caregiving team may tell you to drink 10 – 11 ounces of fluids / juices / water every 60 minutes – i.e., after each session of chemo drugs. 
 
It is also possible for you to experience other chemo side effects; these are pain in your lower abdomen, nausea along with throwing up, episodes of sleeplessness, bodily pain, hair loss – chiefly from the scalp region, etc. On top of it all, you are also likely to encounter a marked drop in blood cells. The last side effect may make your body more vulnerable to infections.  
 
Chemo drugs may also have an adverse impact on a few sites of your system. One of the common targets is your CNS i.e., network of nerves. People who have their CNS affected may witness loss of bodily coordination, being in an imbalanced position, tremors painful muscles and tissues.  
 
In order to have a better control over side effects, before chemotherapy sittings – your doctor may order for a panel of lab tests. These tests are usually done on samples of blood, chiefly to obtain the count of red and white cells along with platelet counts. These counts help assess the extent to which chemo drugs have played a role in altering the wellbeing of your system. 
 
 
Pains form part of a widely encountered set of adverse effects of chemo meds. Pains are also a constant companion of radiotherapy sessions. Along with bodily pains, you are more likely to experience numbing of limbs, a burning feeling, sharp pains, and other such discomforts. 
 
Patients who see pains – as part of chemo sessions – may suffer from nerve-related discomforts; these are commonly referred to as neuralgia. Such painful conditions can show up when your nerves are injured either due to drugs or when cancerous cells multiply in an accelerated manner. These pains can be treated with meds.  
 
You need to note that pains may show up as migraine, in your tummy, joints, muscles or neck. Your caregiving team may prescribe a few painkillers to treat them. Though meds belonging to a genre called non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are administered, it is a good practice to take such meds as per the instructions of a certified medical oncologist.

Disclaimer

Information provided here are only of supplementary nature. Information shared here does not substitute a qualified doctor’s advice. This website is not suggesting that intake of a drug(s) or a treatment modality is safe or appropriate. You are urged to consult with a qualified clinical professional and get a treatment plan from her / him for the underlying medical condition(s). 

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Is Non-hodgkin’s Lymphoma A Blood Cancer?

Is Non-hodgkin's Lymphoma A Blood Cancer?

Introduction

Statistics reveal that four percent of all blood cancer cases turn out to be non-hodgkin’s lymphoma. The condition is regarded as serious, and as a result of advancements in diagnostics and treatment, the survival rates have improved considerably. Here is a detailed look at answers to the common question – is non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma a blood cancer?

Quick Overview Of Lymphoma

Before we look at answers to the question – is non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma a blood cancer? here is a quick look at lymphoma. This refers to a type of cancer that affects the lymphatic system, a part of the immune system of the body. This happens when certain white blood cells begin to grow uncontrollably.  There are basically two types of Lymphoma:

  1. Hodgkin Lymphoma – which is distinct by the presence of Reed-Sternberg cells. The condition usually begins in the lymph nodes.
  2. Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma – this is regarded as a relatively common type of lymphoma. This occurs in lymph nodes and could also start in other organs.

Commonly reported symptoms of lymphoma

  • Swelling in the lymph nodes – this could be in the neck, the armpits, or the groin.
  • Unexplained tiredness 
  • Unusual loss of weight
  • Sudden onset of fever  
  • Cough or chest pain that does not resolve 

What Is Hodgkin Lymphoma?

With the above information in place, it is now time to understand more about Hodgkin lymphoma, before looking at answers to the question – Is non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma a blood cancer? This type of lymphoma is distinct by the presence of unusually large cells in the lymph nodes. Other characteristics of the condition include involvement of the lymphatic system. The disease starts in the lymph nodes and gradually spreads to other parts of the body, such as the spleen, bone marrow, or the thymus.

Known causes and risk factors of the condition

Common risk factors of the condition include past infections (such as Epstein-Barr virus), a family history of lymphoma, a weakened immune system. For instance, a person affected with HIV/AIDS is more prone to risk of the condition. Age is another risk factor, with people between 15–35 and above 55 at higher risk.

How is the condition diagnosed?

The condition is typically diagnosed through a physical examination, biopsy of lymph node tissue, imaging tests such as CT, PET, or MRI scans. Other diagnostics include blood tests to look for markers of the condition.

How Is Non Hodgkin Lymphoma Different From Hodgkin Lymphoma?

As part of answers to the question – is non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma a blood cancer, it is important to understand the differences between the two types of lymphoma. Both non-Hodgkin lymphoma and Hodgkin lymphoma are types of cancers of the lymphatic system. However, there are differences in their characteristics, symptoms, and options for treatment.  Here is a brief comparison between the two types:

  • One of the basic differences between the two types is the presence of Reed-Sternberg Cells in Hodgkin lymphoma and absence in non-Hodgkin lymphoma.
  • The second main difference is the prevalence rate, with non-hodgkin’s more common, accounting for 90% of all cases, and hodgkin’s accounting for 10% of cases.
  • The age groups of people affected by the two conditions also differ, with non-hodgkin’s more common in older patients.
  • The symptoms are more or less similar in both the types, however, in non-hodgkin’s there are additional symptoms. This could be involvement of the gastrointestinal system or the skin.

What Is The Role Of White Blood Cells In Lymphoma?

It is important to understand the role of white blood cells, especially lymphocytes in lymphoma. To put it differently, lymphoma is a cancer of the white blood cells (lymphocytes).

Lymphocytes are important for the immune system, and comprise three types:

  • B cells – responsible for producing antibodies, and help to fight infections.
  • T cells – tasked with attacking infected cells and to control immune responses.
  • Natural Killer cells – responsible for destroying virus-infected.

Lymphoma occurs when lymphocytes begin growing uncontrollably, accumulating in lymph nodes or other tissues. This results in the formation of and affect normal immune function.

Lymphocytes that are cancerous do not function properly, and seriously affect the ability of the body ability to ward off infections.

As a result of excessive production of abnormal lymphocytes, normal WBCs get reduced in the bone marrow, impacting immunity.

In certain cases, lymphoma brings about an increase in specific types of WBCs, as part of the response of the body.

When the bone marrow is affected, this affects production of healthy WBCs, causing leukopenia and exposing the person to higher risk of infections.

Which Is The Most Effective Lymphoma Treatment?

To summarize the answers to the question – is non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma a blood cancer here is a look at treatment options. Various treatment options are presently available for treatment of lymphoma. Options that are considered as the most effect depend on various factors. For instance, the type of lymphoma, its stage, and overall health of the patient, and response to therapy.  Some of the different treatment options are as outlined below, as per type of lymphoma.

  1. Hodgkin Lymphoma – Chemotherapy, radiation therapy for early-stage lymphoma that is localized.

The condition is regarded as highly curable, especially in early stages, achieving positive treatment outcomes in more than 90% of cases.  The early stages are commonly known as Stage I or II, and advanced stages are known as Stage III or IV. The outcomes of advanced stages are also known to be good enough with intensive therapy.

  1. Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma  

R-CHOP regimen, with efficacy of 60–70% of patients diagnosed with aggressive NHL. For indolent NHL the choice of treatment is targeted therapy or low-dose chemotherapy. The condition is not curable, and the only option is to manage the condition.  

  1. Advanced Lymphoma

The choice of treatment is targeted therapy, where cancer cells are targeted without affecting normal cells. Immunotherapy is another treatment option to help the immune system identify and target cancer cells. CAR-T Cell therapy involves genetically engineering T cells to attack lymphoma cells. This is effective for treating relapsed or aggressive NHL.

 

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Is Brain Tumor Treatment Without Surgery An Option?

Is Brain Tumor Treatment Without Surgery An Option?

Introduction

Various options are presently available for treating brain tumor, including non-surgical methods. In certain cases, surgery is ruled out due to the location of the tumor, health of patient, or due to choice of the patient. Here is a look at presently available options for brain tumor treatment without surgery.

Main alternatives to surgery include the following:

  1. Radiation therapy.
  2. Chemotherapy.
  3. Targeted therapy.
  4. Immunotherapy.
  5. Tumor treating fields.
  6. Palliative care.

Quick Outline Of Brain Tumor

Before we dwell deeper into options for brain tumor treatment without surgery here is a quick outline of brain tumor.  This refers to an abnormal growth of cells either in the brain or near the brain. The growth is classified into benign (non-cancerous) and malignant (cancerous).  

Types of brain tumors are broadly classified into primary tumors or secondary tumors. Primary tumor originate in the brain, while secondary usually spread from cancers that originate in other parts of the body.

Common symptoms of brain tumor include:

  • Headaches.
  • Feelings of nausea.
  • Sudden seizures.
  • Impaired vision, speech, or hearing.
  • Numb sensation in the limbs. 
  • Changes in memory retention or behavior.

Diagnosis of brain tumor include MRI, CT scans, biopsy of tissue samples, and EEG, PET scans, or genetic testing. In Tamilnadu, advanced genetic testing facilities offer individuals the chance to undergo testing for risk of brain tumor. This helps in getting the right treatment at the earliest possible time for better outcomes

What Is The Difference Between Brain Cancer And Brain Tumor?

With the above introduction let us understand the difference between brain cancer and brain tumor. This will help in understanding information about brain tumor treatment without surgery better. While the terms “brain tumor” and “brain cancer” are often used interchangeably, there are clearly distinct meanings.  

  • Brain tumor refers to abnormal growth of cells either in the brain or near the brain.
  • Brain cancer refers to malignant brain tumors that exhibit uncontrollable growth and expand into nearby tissues. This could endanger the life of the person.

An important difference is that all brain tumors are not cancerous.

What Are The Different Options For Brain Tumor Treatment?

In continuation of learning more about brain tumor treatment without surgery here are the different treatment options outlined. 

  1. Surgery – this is aimed at removing as much of the tumor as possible. The options include craniotomy, which is a traditional surgery to remove the tumor. Another option is the minimally invasive procedure that relies on endoscopes or smaller incisions that can be used for some tumors.
  2. Radiation therapy – this has the goal of destroying tumor cells or is also aimed at preventing the growth of cells. This relies on high-energy beams including external beam radiation to target tumors from outside the body. Another option is stereotactic radiosurgery which involves highly focused radiation for small tumors.
  3. Chemotherapy – is aimed at either killing or slowing down the growth of cancer cells through drugs. This is administered either orally or intravenously.  
  4. Targeted therapy – is intended to attack specific molecules that are known to promote tumor growth.
  5. Immunotherapy – in meant to boost the immune system of the body to attack tumor cells.
  6. Tumor treating fields – involves the use of electrical fields to disrupt the division of cancer cells.  
  7. Palliative care – has a goal of managing symptoms and improving the quality of life. This is achieved through medications, rehabilitation, and pain management.

The actual type of treatment is chosen on the basis of certain factors. For instance, the type of tumor will influence the choice of treatment. It could be benign or malignant, it could be low-grade or high-grade and this will help determine the most suitable treatment. Similarly, the location of the tumor may have an effect on the surgical options. Tumors in sensitive areas are not suitable for surgery.

Other factors that influence treatment include the age and health of patients, apart from genetics that guide the therapy.  Additionally, emerging treatment options offer great hope and are in various stages of development and trials.

What Is Cyberknife Treatment?

To complete the understanding of brain tumor treatment without surgery here is a look at CyberKnife treatment. This non-invasive, robotic radiation therapy is used in the treatment of tumors and various other medical conditions. It is known to be highly precise, and unlike traditional surgery, delivers focused beams of radiation to a target area. This does not require any invasive procedure.

Distinct features of CyberKnife

  • Robotic system – The procedure involves a robotic arm that delivers radiation from different angles, targeting the tumor and ensuring that there is minimal damage to surrounding tissue.
  • Real-time imaging – tracks the position of the tumor during treatment, and this factors in movements of the patient such as breathing, to ensure precision.
  • Non-invasive – does not involve any surgical procedure, and is performed as an outpatient procedure with very little recovery time.
  • Highly precise – suitable for treating small tumors or tumors that are hard-to-reach.

Different conditions treated by CyberKnife include the following:

  • Cancerous tumors – for instance, cancers of the brain, spine, lung, liver, pancreas, prostate, and breast.
  • Non-cancerous conditions – such as arteriovenous malformations and trigeminal neuralgia.
  • Metastases – tumors that spread from one part of the body to other locations in the body.

The procedure involves the use of a robotic arm to deliver radiation precisely to the target. Typically, the number of sessions could be anywhere between 1–5 sessions, with each session having a duration of 30–90 minutes.

Primary advantages of this treatment option include the following:

  • Non-invasive – dispenses with the need for anesthesia or recovery time.
  • Lesser side effects – patients experience minimal damage to healthy tissues and therefore lesser side effects such as fatigue or skin irritation.
  • Shorter duration – total time for sessions are lesser. 

However, there are certain limitations in the option. For instance, it is not suitable for all patients, and is usually recommended for patients with localized, small-to-medium-sized tumors. It involves specialized equipment and expertise, and may therefore be available in select locations. The costs may be relatively higher compared to other treatments.

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Chemotherapy in Breast Cancer: Stages and Costs

Chemotherapy In Breast Cancer: Stages And Costs

Introduction

In India the average of women who may get afflicted with breast cancer is lesser than that of women in western nations by 10 years. In the year 2023, around two and a half lakh cases of it were reported in India. Here is a look at chemotherapy in breast cancer: stages and costs for a better understanding of treatment options.

What Are The Different Stages Of Breast Cancer?

Before we look at chemotherapy in breast cancer: stages and costs here is a look at the different stages of it . This helps doctors determine the best treatment plan for improved outcomes. The different stages range from 0 to IV, and are on the basis of tumor size, lymph nodes affected, and metastasis.

  • Stage 0: This is known as non-invasive, where the cancer cells are only in the ducts or lobules without affecting surrounding breast tissue. Different sub-types include Ductal Carcinoma In Situ, and Lobular Carcinoma In Situ. Treatment options include lumpectomy or mastectomy, radiation and/or hormonal therapy.
  • Stage I: This is known as early-stage invasive cancer, where the cancer has spread beyond the ducts/lobules into surrounding breast tissue. This is classified on the basis of the size of the tumor, such as Stage IA and Stage IB. Treatment includes surgery, radiation and/or hormonal therapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy.
  • Stage II: This is known as larger tumor or with spread. The classification on the basis of tumor size include Stage IIA and Stage IIB. Treatment includes surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, hormonal therapy, or targeted therapy.
  • Stage III: Known as locally advanced cancer, this is a stage where the cancer has spread more extensively to nearby lymph nodes.  The different sub-types are Stage IIIA, Stage IIIB, and Stage IIIC.  Treatment options include neoadjuvant chemotherapy, surgery, radiation, and hormonal or targeted therapy.
  • Stage IV: This is known as metastatic cancer, where the cancer has spread to distant organs, like the bones, liver, lungs, or brain. Treatment includes chemotherapy, hormonal therapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy.

There is a staging system used to classify breast cancer, known as TNM. T for Tumor considers the size of the primary tumor. N for Nodes, evaluates lymph node involvement. M for Metastasis looks for the presence of distant spread. 

What Are The Different Options Of Cancer Treatment For Breast Cancer?

Determining the right treatment for this treatment depends on the type, stage, and overall health of the patient. Main treatment options include the following:

  1. Surgery – this is almost always typically the first step, to remove the tumor. Different types of surgery include lumpectomy, mastectomy and reconstructive surgery.
  2. Radiation therapy – relies on high-energy rays to kill cancer cells or shrink tumors and is used after surgery.
  3. Chemotherapy – uses drugs to kill cancer cells and stop their growth. This includes neoadjuvant chemotherapy before surgery, adjuvant chemotherapy after surgery.
  4. Hormonal therapy – is used for hormone receptor-positive breast cancers.
  5. Targeted therapy – works on specific proteins or genes in cancer cells.
  6. Immunotherapy – helps in boosting the immune system to fight cancer.
  7. Palliative care – is used in advanced stages, and when cure is not possible to offer relief from pain, manage symptoms, and improve quality of life.

The ideal choice of treatment for different stages of cancer can be broadly suggested, as below: 

  • Stage 0 – Surgery with or without radiation/hormonal therapy.
  • Stage I–III – Surgery with chemotherapy, radiation, hormonal therapy, or targeted therapy.
  • Stage IV (Metastatic) – Chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy, with supportive care.

How Effective Is Chemotherapy Breast Cancer?

As part of understanding of chemotherapy in breast cancer: stages and costs let us look at the effectiveness of chemotherapy. This depends on several factors, including the type and stage of breast cancer, the overall health of the patient, and the choice of chemotherapy regimen.

Effectiveness in:

  •  Early-stage breast cancer – Chemotherapy increases chances of long-term survival, and lowers the risk of recurrence.
  • Locally advanced breast cancer – Chemotherapy shrinks tumors, making it easier for the surgery, improving possible outcomes.
  • Metastatic breast cancer – Chemotherapy helps to extend survival and improve quality of life.

Effectiveness of chemotherapy depends on the following:

Cancer type and receptor status – Hormone therapy is more suitable for hormone receptor-positive cancers when compared with chemo. Chemo is effective when combined with HER2-targeted therapy for HER2-positive cancers. Chemo is effective for triple-negative breast cancer. Similarly, chemo is effective for high-grade, rapidly growing tumors and younger healthier patients.

Success rates of chemotherapy can be summarized as follows:

  • In early-stage breast cancer, risk of recurrence is reduced by 20–50%.
  • In HER2-positive breast cancer, a combination of chemo with HER2-targeted therapy can help in 60–80% of cases.
  • In metastatic breast cancer, chemo helps extend survival by several months to years.

Side effects of chemotherapy include fatigue, nausea, hair loss, and increased risk of infection. Latest treatment options of chemo are adjusted in such as manner so as to balance effectiveness and bring down side effects.

What Is Breast Reconstruction?​

To conclude the points about chemotherapy in this cancer: stages and costs, lets look at breast reconstruction. This is a surgical procedure intended to rebuild or restore the shape, appearance, and size of a breast after surgery for partial or complete removal. This is performed for women born with abnormalities or trauma to the breast.

The different types of breast reconstruction include the following:

  • Implants – This reconstruction uses silicone or saline implants to create a breast shape. This may also involve tissue expanders to stretch the skin prior to placing the implant.
  • Flap surgery – Also known as autologous tissue reconstruction, this uses tissue from other parts of the body, like the abdomen, back, thighs, or buttocks. This creates a more natural-looking and feeling breast.
  • Combination reconstruction – Uses implants as well as autologous tissue for better shape and support.
  • Nipple and areola reconstruction – Post restoration of breast, the nipple and areola can be recreated for a better natural look.

When is reconstruction performed?

It is either performed immediately, at the same time as the removal surgery. It may also be performed after recovery from the initial surgery or cancer treatment. 

Breast reconstruction offers such as restoration of body symmetry, and helps to improve self-esteem of women afflicted with cancer. There are risks associated the procedure such as possible infection, scarring, or surgical complications.

Is Genetic Testing Available For Breast Cancer?

Yes, genetic testing is available for it . Advanced genetic testing facilities in Tamilnadu are widely used to identify individuals with inherited genetic conditions. Women with these inherited conditions, are at risk of developing breast cancer. Tests are carried out on samples of blood, saliva, or swabs from the cheek. The approximate costs for the tests in India is estimated to be in the range of 10,000 INR to 50,000 INR.

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What Are The Side Effects Of Chemotherapy For Breast Cancer?

What Are The Side Effects Of Chemotherapy For Breast Cancer?

Introduction

One of the options for treatment of breast cancer is chemotherapy, with a very high percentage of patients recommending chemotherapy. This is especially higher in younger women when compared with women aged more than 65 years. Here is a quick look at the side effects of chemotherapy for breast cancer to help patients understand the possible outcomes and the options available.

What Are The Common Symptoms Of Breast Cancer?

Before looking at the side effects of chemotherapy for breast cancer here is a look at the commonly reported symptoms of breast cancer. This varies based on the type and stage of the disease. Early breast cancer often shows few or no symptoms, which makes regular screening essential for early detection.

Common symptoms of breast cancer:

  •  Changes in the breast
  •  Formation of a lump or thickening in the breast or underarm.
  •  Changes in the size or shape of the breast.
  •   Swelling in part of the breast, even without a noticeable lump.

Changes in the skin:

  •  Redness or flaky skin around the nipple area.
  •  Dimpling of the skin, resembling the texture of an orange peel.
  • Warmth or inflammation of the breast skin.

Changes in the Nipple:

  •  Nipple turning inward (inversion).
  •  Unusual nipple discharge.
  •  Persistent pain in the nipple or breast.

It is important to note that not all lumps or changes in the breast indicate cancer. Many changes can be benign. However, regular screening, including mammograms, is crucial for detecting breast cancer early and improving treatment outcomes.

Genetic Testing for Breast Cancer – Testing for BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene mutations can identify inherited genetic risks for breast cancer. Advanced genetic testing facilities in Tamil Nadu provide solutions for detailed analysis. A simple blood or saliva sample is analyzed to detect potential genetic mutations, helping individuals understand their risk and take preventive measures.

What Is Chemotherapy?

As part of understanding of the side effects of chemotherapy for breast cancer, here is a quick look at chemotherapy. Chemotherapy is a major cancer treatment that uses powerful drugs to kill cancer cells and prevent their growth. It helps stop cancerous cells from spreading and can be used alone or alongside other treatments, such as surgery or radiation. Below is an overview of chemotherapy for breast cancer:

How chemotherapy works – Chemotherapy targets rapidly dividing cells, which include cancer cells. However, a small percentage of healthy cells may also be affected during treatment, leading to side effects.

Goals of chemotherapy:

  • To completely eliminate cancer.
  • To destroy remaining cancer cells after surgery or radiation.
  •  To shrink tumors before surgery.
  •  To relieve symptoms in advanced cancer.

Drugs commonly used in chemotherapy:

  • Cisplatin
  • Paclitaxel
  • Doxorubicin
  • 5-Fluorouracil

These drugs can be administered in various ways, including:

  • Intravenously (through a vein).
  • Orally (as pills or capsules).
  • Through injections into the muscle.
  • Topically (as creams applied to the skin).

What Are The Different Stages Of Breast Cancer?

Before looking at the side effects of chemotherapy for breast cancer, let us understand the different stages of breast cancer. This is categorized into stages based on the size of the tumor, and its spread to nearby lymph nodes. Main stages of breast cancer include:

Stage 0: Non-invasive – When cancer cells are confined to the ducts of the breast only. This is considered as the earliest form of breast cancer and can be highly treatable.

  • Stage I: Early-stage invasive
  • Stage IA: When the tumor is 2 cm or smaller.
  • Stage IB: When there are small groups of cancer cells smaller than 2 mm in nearby lymph nodes without any tumor in the breast, or if the tumor is 2 cm or smaller.
  • Stage II: When the tumor is larger or when there is limited lymph node involvement
  • Stage IIA: When there is no tumor in the breast, but present in a few lymph nodes.
  • Stage IIB: When the tumor is of a particular size and present in a few lymph nodes.
  • Stage III: Locally advanced tumor
  •  Stage IIIA: When cancer has spread to more lymph nodes, or the tumor is larger in size. 
  • Stage IIIB: When the tumor has expanded into the chest wall or skin. 
  • Stage IIIC: When cancer has spread to more lymph nodes.
  • Stage IV: Metastatic breast cancer – When cancer has spread to other parts of the body, like bones, liver, lungs, or brain. This stage is the most advanced and is regarded as incurable, and is typically managed with treatment.
  • Recurrent breast cancer: When cancer returns post treatment. This could be either in the breast, or nearby lymph nodes, or other organs.

What Are The Different Options In Cancer Treatment?

The choice of treatment depends on the stage of cancer, its characteristics, and the overall health of the patient. Common treatment options include:

  1. Surgery – To remove the cancerous tissue.
  2. Radiation therapy – Through high-energy beams to destroy targeted cancer cells. Types include:
  •  External beam radiation: By a machine outside the body.
  • Internal radiation: By radiation inside the body near the tumor site.
  •  Chemotherapy: By drugs to kill cancer cells or prevent growth. Administered either before or after surgery. 
  1. Hormone therapy: Blocks hormones that cause breast cancer growth. Usually after surgery and a preventive option for high-risk patients.
  2. Targeted therapy: Focuses on specific proteins or genetic mutations that are responsible for cancer growth.
  3. Immunotherapy: This boosts the ability of the immune system ability to identify and attack cancer cells. Usually combined with chemotherapy for better effectiveness.

Quick Overview Of Breast Reconstruction

This is a surgical procedure that restores the appearance and size of the breast. However, the procedure does not bring back the natural sensation to the breast. Types of breast reconstruction include:

  • Implants: Through saline or silicone implants to recreate the breast.
  • Autologous reconstruction: Through the patient’s own tissue, from the abdomen, back, thighs, or buttocks, to reconstruct the breast.
  • Combination reconstruction: Through implants and autologous tissue for a more natural appearance.
  • Oncoplastic surgery: Through cancer surgery combined with reconstructive methods for best results.

 

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Palliative Care for Cancer Patients: What You Need to Know

Palliative Care for Cancer Patients: What You Need to Know

Introduction

Palliative care is almost always assumed to be care given at the end-of-life stage for people with terminal illnesses, including cancer. However, this form of care also includes actions for managing pain and symptoms in patients in early stage and advanced stages. Let us take a detailed look at palliative care for cancer patients: what you need to know to decide on the best way to apply this care.

What Is Palliative Care?

This refers to specialized medical care with the specific goal of improving the quality of life for people with serious illnesses. This is not intended to cure the disease but to offer some kind of relief from symptoms, pain, and emotional trauma. In palliative care for cancer patients: what you need to know is that it is used alongside curative treatments. In some cases, it is the primary approach when other curative options are not effective or not feasible. This form of care comprises the following:

  • Managing symptoms – offering relief from pain, nausea, fatigue, breathlessness, etc. Tackling emotional, psychological, and related concerns.
  • Holistic approach – works in coordination with other healthcare options.
  • End-of-Life care – for patients and families dealing with final stages of life. Intended to ensure that the patient leads a life with dignity and some level of comfort.

Palliative care is typically offered by doctors, nurses, social workers, counselors, and other specialists. The outcomes of this form of care are mainly relief from pain, managing symptoms, emotional support, improved quality of life and prolonged survival. The last outcome occurs only in some cases.

What Are The Other Options For Cancer Treatment?

Apart from palliative care for cancer patients: what you need to know is the other options for treatment. Other options of cancer treatment depend on the type of cancer, the stage, location, and overall health of the patient. The goal is to cure the cancer, slow down its progression, or manage symptoms. Primary treatment options include the following:

  1. Surgery – to physically remove cancerous tumors or tissues. Normally used for localized cancers detected in early stages. It is often combined with other treatments such as chemotherapy or radiation.
  2. Chemotherapy – through drugs to kill cancer cells or prevent the cells from dividing. It is ideal for cancers that have spread, this is known medically as metastatic. It is also used to shrink tumors prior to surgery or eliminate remaining cells post-surgery.
  3. Radiation therapy – to destroy cancer cells or shrink tumors using high-energy radiation. It is used for localized cancers, and to manage symptoms such as pain or bleeding in advanced stages.
  4. Immunotherapy – to support the immune system of the patient to fight cancer. It is typically used for cancers like melanoma, lung, or bladder cancer.
  5. Targeted therapy – to target specific molecules that are responsible for cancer growth, through select drugs. It is meant for cancers with clearly identifiable genetic mutations.
  6. Hormone therapy – to block or bring down hormone levels that are known to drive certain cancers. It is intended for cancers that are known to be hormone-sensitive.
  7. Stem cell or bone marrow transplant – to replace damaged bone marrow with healthy stem cells. This is meant for blood cancers such as leukemia, lymphoma, or multiple myeloma.
  8. Precision medicine – to offer customized treatment to a patient based on his or her genetic profile. This is suitable cancers with specific genetic mutations.

Is Cancer Prevention Possible?

With the above information on palliative care for cancer patients: what you need to know is the possibility of cancer prevention. It may not be possible to prevent all cancers, but to a certain extent some cases can be prevented. This is mostly in cases that are related to modifiable behavior, environment reasons and certain genetic predispositions.  

Before we look at the different options, lets look at genetic testing for cancer. Advanced genetic testing facilities are presently available in Tamilnadu to help people screen for inherited mutations in specific genes. These mutations increase the risk of certain cancers, such as breast, ovarian, or colorectal cancer. Genetic testing helps in a clear assessment of lifetime or future risk of cancer. It also helps in early detection of cancer and in some cases can help in preventing the condition. It is also a guiding factor for personalized cancer care and treatment.

Actions that can help in cancer prevention in some cases include the following:

  1. Quit smoking and all forms of tobacco – this is the leading cause of lung, throat, and mouth cancer.
  2. Diet – is to be healthy and balanced, with plenty of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins. Intake of processed meat, red meat, sugary drinks, and high-calorie foods and alcohol is to be limited or stopped wherever possible.
  3. Physical activities – a minimum of 150 minutes of moderate aerobic activity or is required every week. This is to maintain a healthy weight, and reduce the risk of cancers such as breast, colon, and endometrial cancer.
  4. Weight – is to be maintained at a healthy level as obesity is linked to breast, colon, pancreatic, and liver cancer.
  5. UV radiation – can increase the risk of skin cancer. Suitable precautions are to be taken to reduce exposure to such radiation.
  6. Environmental exposure – carcinogens such asbestos, radon, industrial chemicals and air pollution can increase the risk of lung cancer. it is important to reduce exposure drastically.
  7. Vaccinations – need to be up to date as certain cancers are caused by what is known as oncovirus. Vaccinations include HPV vaccine and Hepatitis B vaccine. 
  8. Sex and risky behavior – can be a cause for certain types of cancer through HPV and HIV. Protection during sex and sharing of needles s to be avoided. 
  9. Screenings – cancer prevention screening is to be undertaken periodically to detect cancers at an early, easily treatable stage. This includes mammograms, pap smears, colonoscopy, low-dose CT scans and genetic testing. 
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How to Cure Mouth Cancer Without Surgery?

How to Cure Mouth Cancer Without Surgery?

Introduction

One among the ten most common cancers, oral cancer is more common in developing South Asian nations, including India. This cancer develops in the tissues of the mouth or throat, occurring in areas such as the lips, tongue, cheeks, gums, palate, and salivary glands. Symptoms such as mouth sores or ulcers that do not heal, or white/red patches in the mouth could be symptoms of oral cancer. Here are answers to the question – how to cure mouth cancer without surgery?

Is Cancer Prevention Possible, If Yes, How?

As part of answers to the question how to cure mouth cancer without surgery let us understand if cancer prevention is a possibility. In certain cases, cancer prevention is a possibility. This is primarily possible by switching to a healthy lifestyle, reducing exposure to risk factors, and regular screenings, as outlined below:

  1. Tobacco – Cessation of smoking and chewing tobacco is a mandatory requirement for prevention. This is because any form of tobacco intake is known to be major cause of lung, mouth, throat, and other cancers.
  2. Diet – A balanced healthy diet is another important requirement. This should include fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins. Ingredients to stay away from include, red meat, processed meats (could cause colorectal cancer), excessive sugar and refined carbs.
  3. Weight management – This is extremely important as obesity is linked to cancers of the breast, colon, kidney, pancreas, etc. Ensure at least 150 minutes of moderate activity per week.
  4. Alcohol – This increases the risk of cancers such as liver, breast, and throat. Consumption is to be either stopped or intake is to be limited.
  5. UV radiation – Extended exposure to the sun increases the risk of skin cancer, including melanoma. Suitable protection is to be ensured, including sunscreen, protective clothing, and avoidance of tanning beds.
  6. Vaccinations – These are important to protect against infections that could cause cancer. For instance,

HPV vaccine prevents cervical and throat cancers, while Hepatitis B vaccine prevents liver cancer.

  1. Carcinogen exposure – An important aspect of prevention is to reduce contact with carcinogens such as asbestos, radon, and industrial chemicals.
  2. Screening – Periodic screening is important for early detection of precancerous conditions. Ideal screenings could include mammograms for breast cancer, pap smears for cervical cancer, colonoscopies for colorectal cancer.
  3. Immune system – Certain infections such as HIV and Epstein-Barr virus are known to increase cancer risk. It is therefore necessary to strengthen the immune system and avoid behaviors that could expose you to the above conditions. For instance, unprotected sex, needle sharing are actions that could expose the person to risk of infections.

Which Is The Most Effective Mouth Cancer Treatment?

Let us continue with answers to the question – how to cure mouth cancer without surgery? Let us understand treatment options for cancer that are the most effective. This depends on the stage, location, and the overall health of the patient.

  1. Surgery – is effective for early-stage cancers, and involves removing the tumor and, affected lymph nodes in the neck. This comes with high success rates for localized cancers that are detected early.
  2. Radiation therapy – is effective in early-stage cancers, follow-up post-surgery to wipe out remaining cancer cells. This is also suitable for localized cancers and preserving normal tissue.
  3. Chemotherapy – is effective for advanced cancers, and those that have spread.
  4. Targeted therapy – is suitable for cancers with specific genetic or molecular changes.
  5. Immunotherapy – is ideal for advanced or recurrent cancers that does not resolve with other treatments.

Is Mouth Cancer Treatment Without Surgery Possible?

Non-surgical options exist for mouth cancer, and are effective for certain cases. Here is a look at these options as part of answers to the question – how to cure mouth cancer without surgery? These options work when conditions are more suitable as per the stage, type, or location of the cancer, and the health of the patient.

The goal of non-surgical treatments is to destroy or control growth of cancer cells, ensuring that surrounding tissues are not affected. Options include the following:

  1. Radiation therapy – through high-energy rays to destroy cancer cells. This is an alternative option to surgery when patients are assessed as unable to undergo surgery. It is also used in combination with chemotherapy for advanced stages.
  2. Chemotherapy – through drugs to kill or stop the growth of cancer cells. This is suitable in advanced cancer stages, when the cancer has spread to other parts of the body. It is combined with radiation therapy.
  3. Targeted therapy – through drugs to target specific molecules that contribute to the growth of cancer cells. It is typically combined with radiation for cancers and is a good option because of lesser side effects when compared with chemotherapy.
  4. Immunotherapy – through drugs assist the immune system in recognizing and destroying cancer cells in cases where treatments do not fetch desired results. It offers long-term control in some advanced cases.

When Are Non-surgical Treatments Suitable?

The above options are suitable only in specific cases or circumstances. For instance, in early stages radiation therapy is effective for small, localized tumors. In advanced stages, chemoradiation which is a combination of targeted therapy and radiation is used to control the disease. It is also preferred when surgery is assessed to pose a risk to the patient or the patient has certain existing health conditions.

Non-surgical treatment options are more often than not, combined with other treatments for maximum effectiveness, as listed below:

  1. Radiation + chemotherapy – for advanced cancers.
  2. Radiation + targeted therapy – for cases where specific genetic markers are observed.
  3. Immunotherapy + chemotherapy – for advanced cancers or metastatic cases.

Quick Overview Of Oral Cancer

This refers to cancer that develops in the tissues of the mouth or the throat. Commonly reported symptoms include mouth sores or ulcers that do not resolve, and white or red patches inside the mouth. Other symptoms include formation of lumps or thickening in the cheek, difficulty swallowing, chewing, or moving the tongue. There could be abnormal bleeding in the mouth, and numb feeling in the mouth or jaw, apart from persistent sore throat.

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How To Cure Brain Tumor?

How To Cure Brain Tumor?

Introduction

Tumors are known to develop at any time of a person’s life. These can develop at any part of the human body. The Autoimmune dieases genetic testing kit can detect earlier diagnosis of autoimmune diseases like cancers and can make room for successful treatment with Brain Tumor Surgery. Unfortunately, detection done at a fairly later stage – say, at stages 3 or 4 – severely restrict successful outcomes.

The good news is: rates of long-term survival among people with tumors are gradually increasing. This is chiefly due to greater awareness levels along with the advent of breakthroughs in treatment protocols and pathways.

You are advised to stay wary of the symptoms that are typical of tumors. You may tend to overlook the typical signs. Ignoring the first few signs is a misstep in many cases. This happens primarily because cancers’ signs may take the form of any normal ailment!

What Are Brain Tumors?

You need to know tumors can form at any site in your body. Tumors are an outcome of an exponential growth of cells of a tissue; this tissue may be in your lungs, throat, head, etc. Among the various forms of tumors, brain-based tumors are also an autoimmune disorder. Like all other forms of tumors, here there is an excessive growth of cells inside your cerebrum, cerebellum or the medulla oblongata.

Tumors developing inside the brain can be of several sub-genres. Medical science has grouped them based on which part of your brain is affected; pace at which growth of cells occurs – i.e., slackened pace or at a breakneck speed. Beware of faster multiplication of cells in your brain; these may take the form of a cyst or a lump-type structure within the cerebral system.

What Triggers A Brain Tumor?

The causes underlying onset of a brain tumor are several. Chief among them are people who smoke excessive amount of tobacco products; these include cigarettes, cigars and the like, people who are older than 55 years of age, development of such tumors among close relations in your family tree – to name a few.

In some cases, onset of a few types of viral strands has emerged as a cause for brain tumors. Those who are living with infections caused by a microbe known as Epstein Barr virus may have an added risk of getting a brain tumor. Not stopping with these risks, the place you live may also work as a trigger in some people. Polluting and / or toxic work places like factories where heavy metals like lead is handled; places where you are exposed to breathing pesticides or herbicides, the odds of brain tumors tend to increase.
 
Within the broader genre of brain tumors, there are several sub-types. One of the most-often occurring sub-type is the glioma type of brain tumors. This name is accorded as it occurs mostly on glial lining of tour brain cells. In fact, brain tumors of this sub-type take a large share in terms of incidence; more than 1/4th of brain tumors belong to this sub-type!

In terms of pace of growth, medulloblastoma takes the top slot – it is known for its exponentially high speed of multiplying. Brain tumors in children often belong to this sub-type. If you are not treating it, this tumor soon spreads (read: metastasises) into the spinal section of your child.

In terms of rate of growth – two sub-types of brain tumors fare at the slowest spectrum of growth. These are conditions such as craniopharyngioma and ganglioglioma. Of these, the former shows up quite near to your pituitary glands. When this starts applying stress on your nerves aiding in eyesight, you may have difficulties seeing things clearly. Craniopharyngioma is known for this excessively slow pace of multiplication. Ganglioglioma is another form of brain tumor, known for its slackened pace of growing. However, this may spread over to neurons linked to your brain.

Diagnosis Of A Brain Tumor

Doctors who treat cancers – also known as oncologists – employ a handful of procedure to detect onset of a brain tumor. Most commonly used diagnostic procedures include radiology scans, puncture of lumbar, biopsy, etc.

Radiology scans are done by using a computer tomography scan (referred to as CT scan), MRI scans – this is an acronym of magnetic resonance imaging as well as positron-emission-tomography – in short, a PET scan.

A PET scan is often conducted along with other scans like say, a CT or an MRI scan. These combinatorial approaches are called PET-CT or PET-MRI diagnostic protocols. Such combinations help create images of a very high resolution; in most cases, there is a fusion of diagnostic images. The three-dimensional (3-D) outputs such combinations produce offer finer insights into your autoimmune condition.

Another most used diagnostic procedure is the biopsy of a brain tissue. This is done with collecting a sample of a tissue off your cerebral system. It is a common thing to take a sample from your brain with the help of a surgery.

It is your team of oncologists that decides on which diagnostic procedure or combination works well for your condition. In order to know more, you are advised to talk to your caregiving team(s).

 

Brain Tumor Treatment

There are several proven and time-tested ways to treat a brain tumor. Some of them are invasive by nature and the rest are non-invasive. Among the invasive protocols, brain tumor surgery fares as a commonly used approach. Surgical teams take maximum level of care to protect the non-cancerous parts / tissues of your brain. Treatment planning measures spend a sizable amount of time and efforts to ensure the healthier side of your brain tissues remain untouched during your brain surgery.

Apart from invasive pathways, oncologists use non-invasive approaches like radiotherapy, drug-intensive approach called chemotherapy or use of chemo meds. In case of radiotherapy, an equipment known as linear accelerator – in short, linac, is used to transmit powerful, high-intensity rays into the affected tissue.

There are also several cases wherein a combination of radiation therapy, administration of chemo meds as well as use of surgery is used.

Brain Tumor Surgery

Depending on the type of brain tumor, choice of surgery is considered. There are a few clinically established approaches to treat brain tumor via the surgical route.

Among the many approaches, craniotomy is done by opening up your cranium. This indeed is one of the widely practiced surgical protocols for treatment offered to tumors of cerebral system. Some conditions may necessitate a relatively non-invasive option called ablation done with the use of laser. In a few remote cases, surgeries are done through endoscopy – most popular route is the endonasal channel. Thanks to advancements in clinical sciences, there are MRI or CT-guided surgeries to treat brain tumors.

As mentioned, doctors are often resorting to optimally invasive processes like laser-based surgical pathways and endoscopic protocols. Use of laser is done by making a tiny aperture on your head and a source emitting laser-radiations is placed in the cranial chamber(s). Heat coming off the laser-source is used to destroy harmful cancer-causing cells in your brain.

Minimally or optimally invasive procedures such as use of endoscopy – mostly through the endonasal pathway is another popular protocol. This helps surgical oncologists reach your brain via nasal airways.

No two tumors developing inside your cerebral system are of the same form and shape. Hence, each tumor may need a customised treatment approach for treatment. The collective experiences of treating oncologists helps in arriving at what treatment plan works well for your brain tumor. Most forms of brain tumors are removed with needful surgeries. There are also conditions in your brain that may warrant a multi-pronged approach; in such cases, the team of oncologists may evolve a comprehensive treatment plan.

Such plans for brain tumors may include a surgery – either an invasive procedure or a minimally / optimally invasive protocol – before sessions of radiation therapy as well as chemotherapy. There are also cases wherein a surgery and chemo drugs alone may be used. It remains the choice of the treating team to weigh the available options and take an optimal decision.

In sum, if risks of tumors run in your family, you need to stay very alert of even minor changes in your health. Risks tend to get higher when family members get tumors. In such cases, it is a healthy practice to consult with your caregiving team regularly. Your physician may order tests based on blood samples; the most direct test is to check the count of your blood cells i.e., white, red cells and platelets. In order to know more, you are advised to seek needful inputs on brain tumors and how to treat them, from your treating doctor.

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